It is formed, as in any biofilm, by colonizing bacteria trying to attach itself to a smooth surface of a tooth. It has been estimated that as many as 400 distinct bacterial species may be found in plaque. In addition to the bacterial cells, plaque contains a small number of epithelial cells, leukocytes, and macrophages. Inorganic components are also found in dental plaque; largely calcium and phosphorus which are primarily derived from saliva.
Dental plaque can be classified in several different ways. Plaque is classified as supragingival or subgingival based on its relationship to the gingival margin. Supragingival plaque is evident on the tooth above the gingival margin. Plaque can also be classified by its relationship to the tooth surface, as either attached or unattached plaque. unattached subgingival plaque is more closely associated with the wall of the subgingival tissues than is the attached plaque.
Information on dental plaque and calculus:
Dental plaque is a soft deposit that forms on the surface of teeth. It contains many types of bacteria (germs). You can usually remove plaque quite easily by brushing and flossing your teeth.
Calculus is hardened calcified plaque. It is sometimes called tartar. It sticks firmly to teeth. Generally, it can only be removed by a dentist or dental hygienist with special instruments.
Symptoms of plaque:
Plaque is made up of invisible masses of harmful germs that live in the mouth and stick to the teeth. Some types of plaque cause tooth decay. Other types of plaque cause gum disease.
Symptoms of plaque are:
1.Mild gingivitis does not cause any symptoms and so you may not realise that you have it. The gums look slightly swollen and reddened.
2.Moderate gingivitis can cause more marked swelling and reddening of the gums. The gums often bleed a little when you clean your teeth. Uneasiness or pain from the gums is rare if you only have gingivitis.
3.Periodontitis often does not cause any symptoms until an affected tooth becomes loose. However, in some cases, symptoms develop and may include:
halitosis (bad breath)
some pus formation in small pockets between teeth and gums
pain and difficulty eating
a foul taste in your mouth
Affected teeth becoming loose and eventually falling out if not treated.
Prevent tooth plaque:
Dental plaque removal is essential for maintaining good oral health. It’s easy to prevent plaque build up with proper care.
Brush thoroughly at least twice a day, with a fluoride toothpaste, to remove plaque from your teeth.
Use dental floss daily to remove plaque from between your teeth and under your gum line, where your toothbrush may not reach.
Control your diet. Limit sugary or starchy foods, especially sticky snacks.
Check your teeth with plaque disclosing tablets to ensure removing tooth plaque.
Visit your dentist regularly for professional cleanings and dental examinations .